When the terms 'include' or 'includes' are used in the Crowne Plaza license agreement, how should these terms be interpreted?

According to the 2025 Crowne Plaza Franchise Disclosure Document, the term "includes" is used to provide examples of what is covered by a particular category, but it is not limited to those examples. Specifically, the Brand System includes all elements designed to identify "Crowne Plaza®" hotels to the public, contribute to such identification, or reflect the quality standards and business practices of such hotels, as specified in the License or designated by IHG.

The FDD specifies that the Brand System includes, but is not limited to, certain elements. This means that the Brand System is not restricted to only those items explicitly listed. IHG has the right to add or change elements of the Brand System over time, and these changes will automatically be included as part of the Brand System.

For a prospective Crowne Plaza franchisee, this means that the specific elements of the Brand System can evolve. While the franchisee must adhere to the current Brand System standards, they should also be aware that IHG can modify the Brand System, potentially requiring the franchisee to adapt their hotel's features, signage, or service offerings to comply with the updated standards. This flexibility allows Crowne Plaza to maintain a consistent brand image and adapt to changing market conditions, but it also places a responsibility on the franchisee to stay informed and implement any necessary changes.