Does the City Publications franchise agreement create a partnership between the franchisor and franchisee?

[Item 23: RECEIPT]

A. Restriction During Term of Agreement

Franchisee covenants that, except as otherwise approved in writing by Franchisor, neither Franchisee nor any partner(s), officer(s), director(s), member(s), executives, professional staff or sales staff or the spouses of any of the foregoing shall, during the term hereof, either directly or indirectly, for itself or through, on behalf of or in conjunction with, any person, persons, partnership, corporation, limited liability company or other entity:

• 1. Own an interest in, manage, operate, be employed, in a sales or management capacity, by, or act as a consultant to any Competitive Business anywhere;
• 1. Initiate any action to hire, or attempt to hire for any other employer, any person who is employed by Franchisor or employed by any other franchisee of the CITY PUBLICATIONS System, or induce any such person to leave his employment with Franchisor or any other franchisee in order to work for any other employer, whether or not the person's employment with the business is pursuant to a written agreement or is at will; or
• 1. Divert business of customers of the Franchised Business or other Franchisor or franchisee-owned CITY PUBLICATIONS Businesses to any Competitive Business.

B. Restriction After Termination

Franchisee covenants that, except as otherwise approved in writing by Franchisor, neither Franchisee nor any partner(s), officer(s), director(s), member(s), executives, or professional staff or sales staff or their spouses of any of the foregoing shall for a period of two (2) years after the expiration or termination of this Agreement regardless of the cause, either directly or indirectly, for itself or through, on behalf of or in conjunction with, any person, persons, partnership, corporation, limited liability company or other entity:

[Item 23: RECEIPT]

"Franchisee" means the individual or entity defined as "Franchisee" in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement, and such term includes all holders of a legal or beneficial interest in Franchisee, and if Franchisee is a business entity, such term shall also include all partners of the entity (if the entity is a partnership); all shareholders, officers and directors of the entity (if the entity is a corporation); and all members and managers of the entity (if the entity is a limited liability company); and any trustee (if the entity is a business trust) as of the Effective Date of this Agreement, or which are appointed as such at any time during the term of this Agreement. By Franchisee's signature hereto, all partners, shareholders, officers, directors, members, managers and trustees as of the Effective Date of this Agreement, or which are appointed as such at any time during the term of this Agreement, acknowledge and accept the duties and obligations imposed upon each of them, individually, by the terms of this Agreement;

Source: Item 23 — RECEIPT (FDD pages 39–129)