Does City Publications own copyrights in its Manual(s)?

Based on the 2025 City Publications Franchise Disclosure Document, the franchisor retains significant rights over the use of its trademarks and internet presence. Specifically, City Publications retains the sole right to advertise on the Internet and create websites using the "CITY PUBLICATIONS" domain name or any other domain name designated in the Manual. Franchisees cannot establish an Internet site using a domain name containing any of the Marks or the words "CITY PUBLICATIONS" without prior written consent from the franchisor. City Publications also retains the sole right to use the Marks on the Internet, including on websites, as domain names, directory addresses, search terms, meta-tags, and in connection with linking, marketing, co-branding and other arrangements, as well as social media and any digital marketing platform.

While the FDD excerpts discuss City Publications' ownership of domain names and rights to control the use of its marks online, it does not explicitly state that City Publications owns the copyrights to its operating manual. However, the document does state that franchisees are loaned a virtual copy of the City Publications Operating Manual. Additionally, the franchise agreement specifies that the manual is subject to change but will not materially alter a franchisee's fundamental rights.

Prospective franchisees should confirm with City Publications during their due diligence whether the operating manual is copyrighted and what specific restrictions apply to its use and distribution. Understanding the ownership and usage rights of the manual is crucial, as it contains proprietary information essential for operating the franchise.